| Author | M. H. Phe, M. Hajj Chehade, H. Guilloteau, C. Merl | |
| Year | 2009 | |
| Title | Assessment of Damage to Nucleic Acids and Repair Machinery in Salmonella typhimurium Exposed to Chlorine | |
| Publication | International Journal of Microbiology | |
| Summary | In this paper, we hypothesized that a successful disinfection is achieved only when the applied chlorine leads to both intracellular nucleic acid damage and strong alterations of the DNA repair machinery. Download the full abstract below. | |
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| Author | D. Nottarp,, N. Pilz and G. Schaule | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Development and validation of off-line analytical methods used for detection of radionuclides in deposits occurring in water distribution networks | |
| Publication | Wasser 2010
, Annual meeting of the Water Chemistry Society, Bayreuth, 10 - 12 May 2010, Germany | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | S. Fass and J.-C. Block | |
| Year | 2009 | |
| Title | SecuEau: a European demonstration project for restoring distribution systems after deliberate CBRN attack | |
| Publication | SRC’09 conference. Stockholm, 
29-30 September 2009 | |
| Summary | Vulnerability of drinking water systems to deliberate attacks is one of the main questions which concerns regulatory agencies, and water utilities. Download the full abstract below. | |
| More Info |
| Author | Propato M., Sarrazy F. and Tryby M.E. | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Linear Algebra and Minimum Relative Entropy to Investigate Contamination Events in Drinking Water Systems | |
| Publication | ASCE J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt. | |
| Summary | A two-step approach is proposed to assist forensic investigation of possible source locations following a contaminant detection in drinking water systems. Download the full abstract below. | |
| More Info |
| Author | J. Ekberg, T. Turtiainen and M. Muikku | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Adsorption of 90Sr on biofilms and materials found in water distribution systems | |
| Publication | Third European IRPA congress, Helsinki 14-18 June 2010 | |
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| Author | Gruskevica K., Juhna T. | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Separation of bacteria from loose deposits of drinking water distribution systems | |
| Publication | Ecwatech, International water forum, Moscow, 2-4 June 2010 | |
| Summary | During drinking water distribution unwanted loose deposits tend to accumulate in distribution systems. Loose deposits originate from pipe material corrosion as well as from the particles and flocks entering system from the treatment plant. | |
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| Author | P. Vesterbacka and R. Pöllänen | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Rapid off-line detection method for Alpha-particle emitting radionuclides in water samples | |
| Publication | Third European IRPA congress, Helsinki 14-18 June 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | I. Miettinen | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | A Scandinavian emergency for drinking water network contamination: the Nokia case study | |
| Publication | Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | In Finland, 65 waterborne outbreaks resulting in 27,200 illnesses were detected between 1998 – 2009. Download the full abstract below. | |
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| Author | L. Melo | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Modelling contaminant accumulation | |
| Publication | Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | Modelling contaminant accumulation is needed to evaluate the potential impact of CBRN contamination caused by a terrorist attack. Download the full abstract below. | |
| More Info |
| Author | B. Keevil | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Rapid confirmation of microbiological alerts using off-line molecular methods | |
| Publication | Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | In the event of a microbiological alert, either due to the triggering of an on-line sensor or malicious threats made to the news media, there is an urgent need to rapidly confirm the identity and quantity of the pathogen or indicator species involved in the emergency. Download the full abstract below. | |
| More Info |
| Author | A. Monsorez | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | On-line chemical sensors for an early warning system | |
| Publication | Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | In this context, the Early Warning System (EWS) is the first bulwark against terrorist attacks. Download the full abstract below. | |
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| Author | T. Juhna | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Decontamination procedures of water distribution systems | |
| Publication | Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | Water distribution networks are potential objects for deliberate contamination. Download the full abstract below. | |
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| Author | M. S. F. Santos, A. Alves and L. M. Madeira | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Paraquat degradation by Fenton's reagent: parametric and kinetic analysis | |
| Publication | 16th International Conference on Advanced Oxidation Technologies for Treatment of Water, Air and Soil, San Diego, California, 15-18 November, USA | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | E. Le Guen, Quilès F., Grausem J., and Block J.-C | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Rapid assessment of the effect of chlorination on drinking water biofilm by measuring fluorescence of Sybr-II stained surfaces | |
| Publication | Poster, Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | P. Rantakokko, I. Miettinen, A.-M. Hokajärvi and | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Removal of mercury from biofilms after deliberate contamination of drinking water | |
| Publication | Poster, Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | Block J.-C. | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Security and decontamination of drinking water distribution systems following a deliberate contamination | |
| Publication | Poster, Journées Ecotechnologies 2010, Nancy, F, 21 et 22 octobre 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | M. Strathmann, D. PütZ, D. Moschnitschka, K.-H. M | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Online sensor for monitoring of surface deposits in drinking water systems | |
| Publication | Poster, Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | M. Strathmann, D. PütZ, D. Moschnitschka, H.-C. F | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Coupon monitoring devices for monitoring of surface deposits in drinking water system | |
| Publication | Poster, Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | M. Santos, C. Oliveira, R. Sousa, A. Alves, M. Mad | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Pesticides Decontamination of Drinking Water Networks using Fenton and photo-Fenton Advanced Oxidation Processes | |
| Publication | Poster, Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | C. Oliveira, M. Santos, A. Alves, M. Madeira | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Degradation of chlorfenvinphos in contaminated drinking water systems by Fenton’s oxidation | |
| Publication | Poster, Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | M. S. F. Santos, L. M. Madeira, A. Alves | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Interactions of micropollutants with water distribution systems materials – Paraquat as a case study | |
| Publication | Poster, 6th European Conference on Pesticides and Related Organic Micropollutants in the Environment and the 12th Symposium on Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides, Matera (Italy) September 7th -10th, 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | R. Sousa, J. L. Moreira, L. M. Madeira, A. Alves | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Comparative study of extraction methodologies for carbamate and organophosphorous pesticides in water at ppb levels | |
| Publication | Poster, 6th European Conference on Pesticides and Related Organic Micropollutants in the Environment and the 12th Symposium on Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides, Matera (Italy) September 7th -10th, 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | J.-C. Block and S. Fass | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Security, monitoring and decontamination of drinking water distribution systems | |
| Publication | Water Framework Directive (WFD), Conference on Integrated River Basin Management under the Water Framework Directive, Lille, F, 26-28 April 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | Block J.-C. | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Biofilms en réseaux d’eaux potables | |
| Publication | Services publics locaux de l'environ-nement : réussir la mutation des metiers, 89e Congrès ASTEE, Strasbourg, F, 1-3 June 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | M.H. Phe, H. Guilloteau, M. Dossot, E. Le Guen and | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Cytométrie en flux pour le contrôle rapide de la désinfection par le chlore : application à la filière eau potable | |
| Publication | Journées Information Eau, Poitiers, 28-30 September 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | Sandra A. Wilks, C. William Keevil | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Improved methods show survival of E. coli O157:H7 in potable water biofilms following treatment with high chlorine concentrations | |
| Publication | Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | Grobe, S., Schaule, G., Flemming, H.-C., Wingender | |
| Year | 2010 | |
| Title | Biofilm-mediated Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination of a drinking water distribution system | |
| Publication | Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC4), Mulheim, G, 11-13 Oct 2010 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | Turtiainen T., Hakala S., Hieta J-P., Ekberg J., V | |
| Year | 2011 | |
| Title | Restoration of drinking water distribution systems following a deliberate contamination by radionuclides | |
| Publication | NSFS Conference, ReykjavÃk, Iceland, August 22nd – 25th 2011 | |
| Summary | Vulnerability of drinking water distribution systems to malevolent attacks has been recognized. Such an attack would have major public health, economic and psychosocial consequences. SecurEau is a collaborative project carried out in the seventh Framework Programme. The project focuses on CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) threats and aims at launching an appropriate response for rapidly restoring the use of the drinking water network after an attack. STUK has investigated radiological impacts and decontamination methods. In the following, a brief overview of our work will be given. | |
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| Author | Diogo Costa, Fernando Martins and Luis Melo | |
| Year | 2011 | |
| Title | Localization of Contamination Sources in a Drinking Water Distribution System: A Method Based on the Residence Time of Water in Pipes | |
| Publication | Chempor 2011: The 11th International Chemical and Biological Engineering Conference, Caparica, Portugal, September 5th and 7th, 2011 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | Turtiainen T., Hakala S., Vesterbacka P. & Muikku | |
| Year | 2011 | |
| Title | SecurEau—Security and decontamination of drinking water distribution systems following a deliberate contamination | |
| Publication | NSFS Conference, ReykjavÃk, Iceland, August 22nd – 25th 2011 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | S. Nazarovs | |
| Year | 2011 | |
| Title | Modeling water quality in drinking water distribution networks | |
| Publication | Baltic Water Research conference, 14-Oct-2011, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia | |
| Summary | Modeling of contamination spread and location of contamination source in a water distribution network is an important task. The paper considers applicability of real-time flow direction data based model for contaminant transport for a distribution network of a city. Simulations of several contamination scenarios are made to evaluate necessary number of flow direction sensors. It is found that for a model, containing major pipes of Riga distribution system, sensor number decrease from 927 to 207 results in average 20% increase of simulated contaminated length of pipes. Simulation data suggest that optimal number of sensors for Riga model is around 200. | |
| Author | Turtiainen T., Hakala S., Vesterbacka P. & Muikku | |
| Year | 2012 | |
| Title | SecurEau—Security and decontamination of drinking water distribution systems following a deliberate contamination | |
| Publication | 8th symposium on CBRNE threats: How does society cope?, 11 - 14 June, 2012, Turku, Finland | |
| Summary | Vulnerability  of  drinking  water  distribution  systems  to  malevolent  attacks  has  been  recognized.  Such  an  attack  would  have  major  public  health,  economic  and  psychosocial  consequences.  SecurEau  is  a  collaborative  project  carried  out  in  the  seventh  Framework  Programme.  The  project  focuses  on  CBRN  (chemical,  biological,  radiological  and  nuclear)  threats  and  aims  at  launching  an  appropriate  response  for  rapidly  restoring  the  use  of  the  drinking  water  network  after  an  attack.  STUK  has  investigated  radiological  impacts  and  decontamination  methods.  In  the  following,  a  brief  overview  of  our  work  will  be  given. | |
| Author | S. A. Wilks, M. S. Gião, and C. W. Keevil | |
| Year | 2012 | |
| Title | Comparison of Methods for the Detection of Culturable and VBNC E. coli O157:H7 in Complex Drinking Water Biofilms | |
| Publication | ASM, 112th General Meeting, San Francisco, California, June 16-19, 2012 | |
| Summary | ||
| More Info |
| Author | Keevil B. and S. Wilks | |
| Year | 2012 | |
| Title | Keevil B. and S. Wilks | |
| Publication | Biofilms 5 - 5th International Conference Paris, France, 10-12 december 2012 | |
| Summary | Scanning electron microscopy created a dogma lasting 25 years that biofilms were flat, confluent films. Subsequent developments in scanning confocal laser microscopy (SCLM) and use of fluorescent stains revealed that biofilms have a complex 3D architecture. The majority of early work studied the “biofilm type organismâ€, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which ironically also helped create a dogma that all biofilms have a mushroom structure (download abstract below). | |
| More Info |
| Author | Räsänen, P.S., Ikonen, J., Hokajärvi, A.-M., an | |
| Year | 2012 | |
| Title | The molecular detection for the viability of Yersinia cells during shock chlorination – a pilot scale study | |
| Publication | 5th Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC5): managing the threats Mulheim, G, 19-21 Nov 2012 | |
| Summary | Efficient decontamination of pipeline system is an essential action in situations where the drinking water distribution system is contaminated and it is suspected that public health is endangered. The chlorination is the one of the most frequently used cleaning method for drinking water distribution networks. During the decontamination is also important to detect pathogenic bacteria from water and biofilm samples as fast and efficiently as possible. The rapid and specific detection techniques of pathogenic bacteria could save priceless time and illness cases during an emergency situation. It also enables the verification of the success in the cleaning procedure. (Download the attached file) | |
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| Author | G Schaule, Thomas Christen, H. Hammann, Christian | |
| Year | 2012 | |
| Title | Remediation of drinking water distribution systems by removing contaminated biofilms with new cleaning regimes | |
| Publication | 5th Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC5): managing the threats Mulheim, G, 19-21 Nov 2012 | |
| Summary | The contamination e.g. by a deliberate attack with chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) agents on drinking water distribution system will result in contaminated water and internal surface deposits. On the inner surfaces of a drinking water network different type of deposits develop over time and act as potential sorbent for the contamination. As it is known that biofilms form on all inner surfaces, the present work aims to evaluate the possibility to remove these biofilms altogether as completely as possible. In contrary to water, surface deposits and biofilms are not easily rinsed out and remain as reservoirs for the contamination. | |
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| Author | Le Guen E. and Block J.C. | |
| Year | 2012 | |
| Title | Shock chlorination in emergency situations for cleaning drinking water pipes. | |
| Publication | 5th Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC5): managing the threats Mulheim, G, 19-21 Nov 2012 | |
| Summary | Accidental or intentional contaminations by microorganisms of drinking water distribution systems impair water services and safe use of water. These events occur more or less frequently as a result of (i) negative pressures on the network and intrusion of undesirable bugs through leaks, (ii) natural disaster associated with urban inundation, (iii) default in treatment or distribution with a risk of epidemic situation, (iv) back-contaminations of point-of-use which may become points of nosocomial contamination in specific environments as hospital emergency services (i.e. contamination by Pseudomonas, or Escherichia coli), (v) unexpected bloom of microorganisms of sanitary interest (i.e. Legionella), and (vi) intentional contamination in the framework of terrorist activities. | |
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| Author | Gosselin F., Madeira L.M., Juhna T., Block J.C | |
| Year | 2012 | |
| Title | Heterogeneous Fenton’s reaction: a promising way for drinking water biofilm disinfection | |
| Publication | 5th Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC5): managing the threats Mulheim, G, 19-21 Nov 2012 | |
| Summary | One of the most promising methods emerging from SecurEau for drinking water distribution system disinfection is based on Fenton’s reaction. It was applied for the pesticide Paraquat decomposition in water (Santos et al. 2011. Chemical Engineering Journal 175, 279-290). Moreover Oliveira et al. (2012; 7th International Conference on Environmental Catalysis, Lyon, F, Sept 2-6, 2012) tested successfully the use of drinking water pipes deposits as catalyst in Fenton- like oxidation of organics. Fenton’s reaction appears as a non-expensive and friendly environmental method. The process is known to generate powerful oxidative species as hydroxyl radicals HO. through a succession of reactions involving iron and hydrogen peroxide at acidic pH. This powerful reaction could generate oxidants in situ, directly in the biofilm taking profit of the presence of species of interest as iron, and cupper in this attached biomass. | |
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| Author | Sylvain Fass | |
| Year | 2012 | |
| Title | La sécurité et la décontamination des réseaux d'eau potable à la suite d’une contamination délibérée, projet SECUREAU | |
| Publication | Forum annuel de HYDREOS, Metz, France, 5 octobre 2012 | |
| Summary | ||
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| Author | Nazarovs S., Juhna T., Koliškins A | |
| Year | 2011 | |
| Title | Experimental Detection of an Unauthorized Connection to a Pipeline | |
| Publication | Scientific Proceedings of RTU: Computer Science; 2011, Vol. 50, p26 | |
| Summary | ransient events e.g. valve closures, initiate pressure oscillations in the pipeline with specific frequency and damping rate. It is known that a lateral disturbance of the flow such a leak causes a noticeable attenuation of transients. In this study we have experimentally tested if analyses of changes of transient damping rate and damping modes can be used for detection of intrusion location and size. Results showed that both the frequency and the decay rate were influenced by the intrusion. Opening of the intrusion port and pumping liquid into the system results in change of frequency, regardless of intrusion rate. However, intrusion flow rate also has an effect on damping of oscillations – they decay faster at higher intrusion rates. | |
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| Author | Nazarovs S., Dejus S., Juhna T | |
| Year | 2012 | |
| Title | Modelling Water Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Networks from Real-Time Direction Data | |
| Publication | Drinking Water Engineering and Science. - 5. (2012) 39.-45.pp | |
| Summary | Modelling of contamination spread and location of a contamination source in a water distribution network is an important task. There are several simulation tools developed, however the significant part of them is based on hydraulic models that need node demands as input data that sometimes may result in false negative results and put users at risk. The paper considers applicability of a real-time flow direction data based model for contaminant transport in a distribution network of a city and evaluates the optimal number of flow direction sensors. Simulation data suggest that the model is applicable for the distribution network of the city of Riga and that the optimal number of sensors in this case is around 200. | |
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| Author | K. Tihomirova, M. Gavare, L. Mežule, M. Grube and | |
| Year | 2011 | |
| Title | Application of FT-IR for characterization of biomass isolated from surface and drinking water with high concentration of natural organic matter | |
| Publication | Environmental Engineering, ISBN 978-9955-28-828-2 (2 Vol) - ISBN 978-9955-28-827-5 (3 Vol) - pp 672-678. | |
| Summary | Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for identification of bacteria in raw and drinking water samples in which the biomass before the analyses was concentrated from about 0.4 m3 of water with crossflow ul- trafiltration (CFUF) method was used. The species of the bacteria were identified based on the analyses of the main biochemical cell components: lipids – 2928 – 2856 cm-1; proteins – Amide I and II – 1549 and 1655 cm-1; nucleic acids – 1242 cm-1, and carbohydrates – 1080 cm-1. The applicability of the FT-IR methods was tested before and after the enrichment using low nutrient broth (R2A) of CFUF samples. The optimal final concentration for the bacteria identification was found to be in the range from 2×108 and 4×109 cells/ml. Results showed that if water samples after the concentration with CFUF were not enriched on R2A the identification of bacteria was not possible because the peaks (in region 1800 – 716 cm-1) from humic substances (HS) overlapped the biochemical cell components peaks. However, after cultivation on R2A for 27 hours selected groups of E. coli, P. fluorescens and B. subtilis in the water samples could be identified applying the Cluster analysis. The study showed that FT-IR can be used for the charac- terization of biomass in oligotrophic water samples after concentration by ultrafiltration, however, prior the analyses enrichment was required. To decrease the time for analyses to less than one day due to enrichment of the samples methods for removing the HS from the concentrated biomass should be developed in the future. | |
| Author | F. Gosselin, P. Pollmann, E. Colon, and J.-C. Bloc | |
| Year | 2013 | |
| Title | Particle counting for early detection of contaminants in drinking water | |
| Publication | 5th Water Contamination Emergencies (WCEC5): managing the threats Mulheim, G, 19-21 Nov 2012 | |
| Summary | Accidentally stopped water production and intensive use of drinking water reservoirs led to particle mobilisation and transport, which was detected by the particle counter. Even if the used sensor was not ment to count bacteria particles which are in the range of 0.5 – 1 μm, malevolent bacteria suspension injection was detected due to mobilization of pipe sediments. These experimental and field measurements have confirmed the interest to use particle counting. Particle counting can be used (i) for controlling the drinking water production or hydraulic discontinuities, and (ii) as a surrogate for early detection of accidents and contaminant introduction in the drinking water systems. | |